List of HVDC projects with marine infrastructure

Project
Location
Converter
Stations
Year install.
Length
(km)
Rating
(MW)
Voltage
(kV DC)
Electrode
Current
(A DC)
Grounding
Electrodes
Electrode
Material
Polar type /
Operation
Europe:
Skagerrak 1, 2 and 3.
Norway-Denmark
Kristiansand -
Tjele
1976,
1977,
1993
127
1000
±350
1000
One marine
One land electrode
Graphite /
coke
1 cable per pole /
Bipole
Gotland 1, 2 and 3.
Sweden
Vastervik -
Vikby
1970,
1983,
1987
96
260
150
914
Two marine
electrodes
Magnetite
2 cables /
Bipole
Konti-Skan 1 & 2.
Sweden-
Denmark
Lindome,
Vestor
Hassing
1965,
1988
88
600
285
1050
Two marine
electrodes
Graphite /
coke
2 cables /
Bipole
Baltic Cable
Sweden-Germany
Kruseberg -
Herrenwyk
1994
250
600
450
1364
Two marine
electrodes
Coated titanium,
copper
1 cable /
Monopole
Fennoskan
Sweden-Finland
Dannebo -
Rauma
1989
200
500
400
1280
Two marine
electrodes
Coated titanium,
copper
1 cable /
Monopole
Kontek
Denmark-Germany
Bjaeverskov -
Bentwisch
1995
120
600
400
1500
Two marine
electrodes
Coated titanium,
copper
1 cable /
Monopole
Swepol
Sweden-Poland
Starno -
Slupsk
2000
230
600
450
-
None
-
1 cable and
1 metal return cable /
Monopole
Sacoi
Italy,
France
Sardinia (I),
Corsica (F),
Italian mainland
1967,
1986,
1992
119
200
±200
1000
Two marine
One land electrode
Copper,
Titanium,
FeSiCr
2 cables /
Monopole
Cross Channel
France,
England
1986
86
250
270
2000
None
-
8 cables /
Bipole
Italy-Greece
Galatina -
Arachthos
2001
163
500
400
1250
Two marine
electrodes
Titanium,
copper
1 cable /
Monopole
*NorNed Kabel
Norway-Netherlands
Feda,
Eemshaven
2004
580
700
±450
?
?
?
2 cables /
Bipole hybrid
*North Sea Interconnector - NSI
UK-Norway
Seaham (Ryhope),
Hylen
2008
730
1200
500
-
None
-
2 cables /
Bipole
*BritNed
UK-Netherlands
Isle of Grain,
Maaslakte
2010
260
1000
?
?
None
-
2 cables /
Bipole
*VikingCable
Norway-Germany
Project Terminated 2001 !
Feda to Brunsbuttel
2005
570
600
500
-
None
-
2 cables and
1 metal return cable
Monopole
Moyle Interconnector
Currarie Port (S)
Port Muck (NI)
2003
55
2x 250
±250
1000
None
-
2 cables /
Monopole
North America:
Vancouver 1, 2
Canada
Vancouver,
Vancouver Is.
1968,
1977
35
682
±380
1700
One marine,
Oneland electrode
Graphite,
Mild steel/coke
2 cables /
Bipole
Newfoundland
Canada
Gull Island -
Soldiers Point
1978
1126
800
?
?
?
?
4 cables
Asia:
Leyte-Luzon
Ormoc
Naga
1997
19
440
350
1260
Two beach electrodes
Silicon,
iron/coke
1 cable,
1 spare
Monopole
Haenam-Cheju
South Korea
1998
100
300
±180
-
Two marine
electrodes
Graphite
2 cables /
Bipole
Hokkaido-Honshu
Japan
Hokkaido
Honshu
1993
43
600
±250
2000
Two land electrodes
?
2 cables /
Bipole
Kii-channel crossing
Japan
2000
49
2800
±500
?
?
?
4 cables /
Bipole
*Leyte Mondanao,
Philippines
Ormoc,
Kirahon
2003
23
500
±250
?
One marine,
one beach electrode
Graphite/
coke,Copper
2 cables /
Monopole
Australasia:
Basslink
Australia
Victoria -
Tasmania
2006
290
600
400
-
None
-
One cable /
1 metal return
Monopole
Inter Island,
New Zealand
Haywards -
Benmore
1993
40
500
±350
1200
One marine.
One land electrode
Mild steel/coke,
Silicon
iron/coke
2 (+1) cables /
Bipole

* Proposed interconnector

© 2006 EnviroGulf Consulting
Table may be copied for educational and non-profit purposes and quoted as EnviroGulf Consulting. 2006. List of HVDC projects with marine infrastructure. A WWW publication at http://www.envirogulf.com/hvdc.html. EnviroGulf Consulting, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

For amendments or additions to the above table, please contact EnviroGulf Consulting.

 

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